How Does History Changed Our Future - 1670 Words

If you ask a random student in an average American school to tell you their least favorite subject in school, you are probably going to get a lot of â€Å"history†. I say that this is because students just are not interested in History today, they have the mindset â€Å"they’re all dead anyway†. I say that this is problem can easily be solved by just, simply, having history teachers update their techniques of teaching this fascinating subject in favor of more interactive ones, like plays acting out famous battles such as the Battle of Gettysburg. In seeing history come alive, students will more likely see the impact that history has on our future. Teaching itself goes back all the way to between 3000 and 500 B.C.E. in Ancient Egypt. At that†¦show more content†¦This library documented achievements in math, reading, and writing. Even later, during the Zhou Dynasty (551- 479 B.C.E.) the curriculum was impacted by Confucius. He shaped educational values, as well as in the overall focus of formal education. His focus on personal values help teachers determine exactly what to teach and how History of Teaching†¦ Cont:. teaching was achieved in a formal educational setting. However, all of this shifted with the Greeks. The first teacher in history was Confucius (561 B.C.). He was born into an honorable family, that had fallen on bad times, and because of this, he had no chance of being educated himself, sadly. However, he got a job and this eventually got a job which gained a reputation for his determination and thirst for knowledge. When he became a teacher, he took any student who were eager to learn. He taught regular subjects along with his personal wisdom for developing responsibility and moral character through discipline and regular subjects. This could have lead to the creation of his teaching as a philosophy, which is called Confucianism. In colonial America, the majority of teachers were men. In the 1830s, Common School started. This is considered the precursor for today’s public school. This method was proposed by education reformer Horace Mann. Instead of being funded by the church, schools using this method were funded by taxes. They instilled a common and social philosophy of

Co-Op Essay - 798 Words

Strengths-Weakness Opportunities-Threats CO-OP Essay In the summer of 2005 I had the opportunity to intern at The Franklin Institute Museum in PA. This museum is one of the many well known science museums across the country. The Franklin Institute Museum is a unique museum that gives the experience of exploring science in a fun and fascinating way. The museum touches bases on many areas of science such as, anatomy, physics, environmental sciences, and space. The Franklin Institute is named after Benjamin Franklin and is the home of his national memorial statue. It was founded in 1824 and its first building was established in 1825; since then its location has changed with in the city of Philadelphia but it still remains to be one†¦show more content†¦It also gives the option of including your work done at the Franklin Institute on your resume for future employers to review. The opportunities that the Institute has are limited but with hardwork and networking growth can be made. Threats: With any company that promotes a program or has a program there are threats. The threat of the Discovery Camp is the fact that there are many other camps out there that promote fun and learning about science as well. Many other science camps may go in depth with more experiments and knowledge about a specific area while Discovery Camp only touches small bases of each area. The obstacle the program may face is the fact that the amount of money the parents put into the program may not be worth the information there children are getting back. 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Global Positioning System (Gps) Research Paper Free Essays

The  Global Positioning System  With the proliferation of satellite-based defense systems and their continuing presence in the media it makes us more aware of our national defense. The United States is large, economically strong and a sometimes tumultuous presence in the global community. Although we may feel secure because of our superior technology and defense capabilities, our size and position in world affairs can make us a target for some countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Positioning System (Gps) Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now We can no longer be concerned with just our borders and now what comes from the skies and the sea is more of a threat than ever before. The United States government had to develop a way to counter these possible attacks and the Global Positioning System (GPS) was conceived. The Global Positioning System was initiated in 1973 by the Department of Defense (DOD). It was developed by the the DOD because at a cost of over twelve billion dollars the government had the monetary resources to achieve these idealistic goals. Since that time it has grown from one satellite used strictly by the military to twenty-six satellites that can be used by civilians also. This satellite system is used to determine the speed and position of an object anywhere in the world within one hundred meters to mere millimeters depending on the size and quality of user equipment. (GPS JOINT PROGRAM OFFICE. ICD-GPS-200:GPS INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT. ) The original purpose of GPS was to maintain a strategic military advantage over our enemies. Toward the end of the arms race the targeting of ballistic missiles became so exact they could land directly on an enemy missile silo and destroy any missiles inside of it. The ability to take out your enemies missiles from great distances had a major effect on the balance of power. To maintain the balance of power the United States government had to develop a way to locate surfacing submarines in a matter of minutes anywhere in the world. With the use of satellites in orbit the Global Positioning System was created. GPS uses twenty-six satellites and ground tracking stations around the world to compute distances using time. This is done by finding the difference between the time a signal is sent and the time it is received. The satellites have atomic clocks so the time is extremely accurate. The receivers position is determined by using three satellites, this is called triangulation. (kAPLAN,eLLIOTT. UNDERSTANDING GPS:PRINCPLES AND APPLICATIONS) GPS is made up of three segments: space, control and user. The space segment includes the satellites and the rockets that launch them from Cape Canaveral. The satellites are powered by solar cells and continuously point their  solar panels  toward the sun and their antennae toward earth. The control segment includes the master control station in Colorado and monitor stations around the world. This segment makes sure orbits and clocks operate within acceptable limits. The user segment includes the equipment used by the military and civilians who receive GPS signals. Kaplan, Elliott. UNDERSTANDING GPS:PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS) The military applications of GPS are used in fighters, bombers, helicopters, submarines and soldier’s gear. Wartime defense is now more accurate and dependable than ever. While still the most important aspect of this technology, GPS is not used strictly for navigation anymore. Other uses include but are not limited to: target designation, air support, soldier rendezvous and â€Å"smart† weapons. â€Å"Smart† bombs use GPS to receive location information so they can guide themselves to a preset target. This technology is a great asset in battle as it basically casts a net over a battlefield and can locate tanks, vehicles or even soldiers who may be in immediate danger. In the everyday world, GPS has also made life easier and safer. Hikers and hunters can carry hand held receivers in case they should get lost in the wilderness. On-board navi destinations through voice-activated user equipment. Drivers can also make cellular calls using these GPS computers should something happen to them in transit. Other aspects of this technology are used in farming. Maps can be created of the fields during harvest and used the next season to plant and fertilize areas that need more attention. This increases crop production while reducing the use and expense of fertilizers, pesticides and fuel which also helps our environment. This process is called â€Å"Precision Farming’. Another very important use of GPS is the avoidance of in-flight collisions. Airlines are in the process of equipping their airplanes with GPS receivers. This will enable each aircraft to detect other planes in the vicinity and make sure they don’t cross paths in the air. This is much more accurate and reliable system than is currently available and is sure to make the people flying in these planes more comfortable and secure. The Global Positioning System has grown into a resource that goes far beyond the initial design goals. These days scientists, farmers, soldiers, pilots and delivery drivers are using GPS in ways that make their jobs safer and more productive. The benefits of GPS are not limited to job related aspects alone. The future of this technology is limitless and will change and develop rapidly as new and varied applications are introduced. Works Cited Bibliography Kaplan, Elliott. Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications. Boston: Artech house Publishers, 1996 Thompson, Steven D. An Introduction to GPS, (Everyman’s Guide To Satellite Navigation. ARINC Research Corporation, 1994 â€Å"The Untold Story of CALCM: The Secret Weapon Used in the Gulf War†. GPS World January 1995 page 16 GPS Joint Program Office. ICD-GPS-200:GPS Interface Control Document. ARINC Research Corporation. Available On-line from United States Coast Guard Navigation Center. Dana, Peter H. GPS User’s Overview. Available on-line at www. utexas. edu/depts/grg/gcraft/notes/gps/gps. h tml How to cite Global Positioning System (Gps) Research Paper, Essays

Gender Equality In Sports Essay Example For Students

Gender Equality In Sports Essay How is it fair that a mens college basketball team is able to be transported on planes and dine on steak, while a womens team from the same college, travels in a van and eats fast food? Its not, but this occurs often nowadays even with laws passed preventing this type of discrimination. In 1972, Congress passed Title IX, which prohibits discrimination against girls and women in federally funded education, including athletic programs (Kiernan 3). Many schools and colleges have not been able to comply with the Title IX standards mostly because of money. Some of the problems in high schools and colleges consist of insufficient scholarships for girls, not enough coaching jobs, a lack of equipment, and a limited amount of supplies. Not only does this inequality in athletic programs exist in both schools and colleges, but it is also prominent in many professional sports. After more than 25 years since the beginning of Title IX, there still is no gender equality among men and women in high school, college, and professional sports. Passed in 1972 by United States President Richard Nixon, Title IX was supposed to give women equality in sports, yet in the year 2001 there is still little difference in the way women are treated in sports. No legislative act has had a more powerful impact on the world of sports other than Title IX. Before Title IX was passed, only 31,000 women participated in sports, but in 1997, 120,000 women were active in sports around the country (Wulf 1). Title IX is now synonymous with women trying to find equity in athletics, but it originally had nothing to do with sports. It was a part of a larger legislative act passed to avoid any type of discrimination in the school system (Kiernan 1). Since 1972, the original purpose of Title IX has been clouded by media battles and a whirlwind of misinformation. Until the law required compliance, many schools did not take Title IX to be a serious legislative act. Compliance was not required until 1978, thats six years after the law was first instilled into the American culture. The department that leads the battle for compliance was called the Department of Educations Office of Civil Rights, or often called OCR for short (Wine 1). All institutions receiving federal funding must comply with at least one of three specific criteria. One of them that they could choose is identified as proportional representation. Another is that the school shows a continual progress towards gender equality. The third one that a school could prefer to follow is accommodation of interests (Almond 5). Even though institutions are required by law to meet one of those terms, a school rarely complies sufficiently with Title IX. In fact, at a few schools certain opportunities have diminished for women. Since Title IX was passed, womens teams, at some schools, have shrunk due to death of field hockey in 1991 (Pinney 2). Although it is not required for schools to comply, funding for womens teams have not been equal either. Money is usually a problem with many things in life, one of them also happens to be gender equality. Colleges and universities spend an average of $1.6 million on the mens athletics program. Yet, the womens athletic teams receive nearly half that amount (Almond 2). Women should not be receiving half the amount that a mens team gets just because their sports are less popular than mens. A schools main objective may be to promote the mens team first, to get out of a deficit. Then they may be able to finance the womens team with the money they make from the mens sporting events. That is not an equal or fair solution. It would take years to pay off a deficit and then sufficiently finance the female athletic programs. Numerical equality would take a vast quantity of public tax money in addition to the financial assistance that now pays for most of womens sports. Universities increased its support of womens athletics over the years but a ccording to Ellen Voelz, a womens head coach at the University of Minnesota, thats not enough. The excessive spending in the mens athletics must be addressed (Pinney 5). If the excessive spending for the mens teams is not being addressed, the least a school could do is offer the women more programs. The opportunities for women in colleges have increased somewhat over the past 25 or 30 years. In 1977, women were offered an average of 5.6 sports teams per college. In the year 1996 women had an opportunity to participate in an average of 7.5 teams (Wulf 1). Women now are able to look for a professional career in some of those sports. Although, two sports is not much to look forward to when there are at least a hundred female sports. Basketball and soccer are the only two womens widely known professional sports. The WNBA and the Womens World Cup winning Soccer Team are the only two current professional sports. Women who seem to earn less respect than the players, are the coaches of the female teams. A coach for an average college womens team earns, on average, about $32, 736 per season. Once again, the mens teams get twice as much as the womens team does. A coach of a mens team earns about $66, 953 (Almond 2). How is that fair? Any coach, who takes time out of his or her life to assist and teach a young group of kids, deserves respect. It doesnt matter if their team makes more money than another. A college or high school should have teams and coaches that are compensated equally. Due to the poor pay that comes with the coaching of a womens team, coaching for girls is down. In just two years, the number of coaches went from 49.4% to 47.7% (Wulf 2). Within the next 25 years, at this rate, coaches of womens teams will be nearly gone. Even if the opportunity is there, no one will want to take it. Another thing a true coach does not like to see is their team being treated disproportionate to others. When it comes to scholarship money and scholarship opportunity, women are not given a fair chance to live their dreams. Young girls dream of, one day, being able to play the sport they adore for the rest of their life. For many adolescent girls this dream many not seem at all possible, perhaps because of their own financial status at home. Scholarships are supposed to provide financial assistance to those who need and deserve to have a superb education. Scholarships could also be used to reward students for their outstanding achievement in the field of sports. Women received $142,622,803 less scholarship support than their male counterparts during the 1995-1996 scholastic year (Wine 2). Women are merely 30% of scholarship money; that leaves 70% of the scholarship money for the men to spend. The 70% of leftover scholarship money certainly does not go to the womens equipment and supplies. Determining the compliance for the provision of equipment and supplies involves evaluating six separate things. Quality, suitability, quantity, availability, maintenan ce, and replacement must all be taken into accord when following a compliance policy (Compliance II-7). Full compliance, in this area, should be considered complete when around the same percentages of male and female athletes are provided the same equipment of the same quality and quantity. Most colleges seem to comply with this section of compliance, but high schools do not sufficiently meet these standards. A high school softball team receives the boys old equipment that has been in circulation since the 1980s. The equipment is falling apart, held together by various objects, such as string and shoelaces. How is that considered being in compliance with the federal regulations? It is impossible for the females to compete and play at their full potential with the mens older jerseys and equipment. For the new professional sports, such as the WNBA, they are encountering the same discriminations and problems. Heading into its fifth season the WNBA has rising stars and loyal fans but lo w ratings, poor attendance and no salary equity has led to an expected downfall. No other womens league with teams nationwide has ever made it to its fifth year (Anderson 68). Although most of the fans are female, they are more dedicated and loyal to the teams; even in wins and losses. The dedication of a small group of people does not make TV ratings and help pull in sponsors. With a ticket costing only $15.50 to attend a WNBA game, compared to $51.50 for the NBA, there is barely a chance of promotional success for sponsors (Anderson 68). Although the WNBA players arent looking for big cash like the NBA, they are still looking for a little respect. The WNBA is a single entity league; a league that pays and controls salaries, no free agencies, and absolutely no negotiations (Anderson 70). The entire WNBA league has a $12 million payroll, which is not the problem; the problem lies in how it is distributed (Anderson 70). There is no doubt that they are playing for love of the game. Th ey enjoy the fact that they are doing what they love all year round, and then being paid for it. All they are seeking is a little respect from people who dont think they can make it. In years to come, they will prove just how amazing they are. Once advertising companies find out how amazing these athletes really are, all they are after is turning them into a sex object. It is not often that you see men being flaunted off by certain ad companies such as Nike and Reebok. Men are generally praised for talent not for their body and beauty. The 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia was an advertising frenzy for many companies. The world knows Marion Jones strive for five gold medals, yet some only remember her for her revealing Nike ads. She may be a beautiful woman, but she also has an incredible talent. During the 1998 Womens World Cup Championship, Brandi Chastain scored a game-winning goal. After she scored, she threw off her shirt in excitement. The picture of Chastain on her knees, sc reaming and with no shirt on remains in everyones mind. People dont remember her for her performance that hot summer day, they remember her removing her shirt. Why wouldnt a company show an ad that flaunts her talent instead of her body? Its just not the way the world sees women in sports. Men are not viewed like that; it is another one of the many problems in sports today. Many pessimists view the world of sports as a mans domain, not to be intruded by women. What about the young girls who have nothing else to find hope in? Women are in sports and they are going to remain there until they have reached equality and beyond. Still, no gender equality exists among men and women in sports even after 25 years since Title IX was put into the American culture. Women in athletics are not treated at all equal to the male athletes. They are not paid the same, given the same equipment, and everything in between. The womens teams receive half the amount of funding that mens teams do. Coaches of the female teams are also paid half as much. Title IX was put into place to prevent discrimination, but schools are rarely complying with all the suitable standards. Women are also viewed very differently in sports. They are only advertised as sexual objects, not at all for their talent. Many women are fighting back and getting the respect and representation that they deserve. They have been fighting in court, using Title IX as their defense, and many judges are granting women what they want. Those disappointed in the Supreme Courts unspoken approval of Title IX wont like this further prediction from a female head lacrosse coach, You aint seen nothin yet!(Pinney 1). Work Cited Almond, Elliot. Title IX 25 Years Later, Women Athletes still a Step Behind. The Seattle Times. (22 June 1997): 5 pp. On-Line. Internet. 3 May 2001. Available: ;a href=http://www None_Provided EssayKiernan, Denise. The Little Law that Could. Feb/Mar 2001: 6 pag. On-Line. Internet. 5 May 2001. Available: ;a hr ef=Http://www.umi.com/proquest;Http://www.umi.com/proquestPinney, Gregor W. Equality for Female Athletes Lags. Star Tribune. (8 Apr 1992): 6pp. On-Line. Internet. 3 May 2001. Available: ;a href=Http://www.umi.com/proquest;Http://www.umi.com/proquestWine, Elizabeth. Title IX effort no 10. Birmingham Post-Herald. (19 June 1997) 3pp. On-line. Internet. 3 May 2001. Available: ;a href=Http://www.umi.com/proquest;Http://www.umi.com/proquestWulf, Steve. A Level Playing Field for Women. Time. (1997): 3pp. On-Line. Internet. 3 May 2001. Available: ;a href=http://www.provlib.org/elibrary/frames.htm;http://www.provlib.org/elibrary/frames.htm